Troms has approximately 170,000 residents spread across 24 municipalities. The largest city is Tromsø, known as the "Gateway to the Arctic," with a thriving university, research institutions, and a vibrant cultural scene. Other significant towns include Harstad, a hub for maritime and defense industries, and Finnsnes, an important regional center.
The county is a leader in Arctic research, tourism, and fisheries, with a growing focus on sustainable industries and the green transition. Tromsø is home to UiT The Arctic University of Norway, which plays a vital role in education and innovation.